So having LDL cholesterol levels at about 80 seems to be a balance point between progression and reversal of vessel plaques. BUT, if you add an exercise routine to sample w/ 80 LDL-C, you begin to get reversals. So the exercise regime studied may raise that balance point (though that wasn't looked at directly).
00:00 🏥 Exercise and Artery Plaque Study Introduction
01:22 🏃♂️ HIIT Exercise Protocol Description
02:43 📉 Plaque Reduction Results and Significance
04:30 🔄 Considerations Beyond Plaque Size
05:49 🤔 Possible Mechanisms: Weight Loss vs. Lipid Levels
07:39 🔄 Exercise and Lipid Levels Interaction
Studies show that a single bout of exercise confers cognitive benefits. However, many individuals use psychoactive substances such as caffeine to enhance cognitive performance. The effects of acute exercise in comparison to caffeine on cognition remain unknown. Furthermore, caffeine use is associated with withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. Whether acute exercise can reduce withdrawal symptoms also remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise to caffeine on working memory (WM) and caffeine withdrawal symptoms (CWS). In Phase I, non-caffeine (n = 29) and caffeine consumers (n = 30) completed a WM assessment, followed by acute exercise and caffeine. In Phase II, caffeine consumers (n = 25) from Phase I underwent the WM assessment and reported CWS following a 12-hour deprivation period. Acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise and caffeine (1.2 mg/kg) significantly improved WM accuracy and reduced CWS comparably. WM performance was not reduced following caffeine deprivation.